A Comprehensive Review of the Pharmacological Properties and Therapeutic Potential of Prosopis farcta
Abstract
Prosopis farcta, a medicinal plant of the Fabaceae family, is being explored scientifically on the basis of its diverse biological activities and medicinal importance. Rich in flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenolics, P. farcta exhibits strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and hepatoprotective activities. It has been demonstrated that it can exert neuroprotection by modulating oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways. Further, P. farcta possesses antidiabetic activity through the facilitation of the insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism, and hence it is a good candidate for glycemic control. Its wound healing efficacy via the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities has been studied through in-vivo and in-vitro models. P. farcta also possesses cardioprotective activity via lipid metabolism modulation and improvement of endothelial function. Nevertheless, while P. farcta fruit extracts have hepatoprotective effects, evidence further suggests the potential for hepatotoxicity with its seed extract, emphasizing dose-dependent analysis. Despite its therapeutic pharmacological potential, additional clinical trials must determine its safety profile, define its optimal therapeutic dosages, and clarify its particular molecular mechanisms of the action. This review consolidates the current evidence in support of the medicinal worth of P. farcta, demonstrating its applications in modern medicine.
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4. Moayeri A, Azimi M, Karimi E, Aidy A, Abbasi N. Attenuation of Morphine Withdrawal Syndrome by Prosopis Farcta Extract and Its Bioactive Component Luteolin in Comparison with Clonidine in Rats. Med Sci Monit Basic Res. 2018;24:151-8. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSMBR.909930.
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6. Zhong J, Lu P, Wu H, Liu Z, Sharifi-Rad J, Setzer WN, Suleria HA. Current insights into phytochemistry, nutritional, and pharmacological properties of Prosopis plants. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022;2022(1):2218029. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2218029.
7. Ghasemian-Yadegari J, Adineh A, Mohammadi H, Davari S, Veisani Y, Ghaneialvar H, et al. Attenuation of cannabis withdrawal symptoms by Prosopis farcta extract, its luteolin and melatonin in mice: Involvement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and dopamine. Cell Biochem Funct. 2024;42(2):e3980. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbf.3980.
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11. Tana, Nakagawa T. Luteolin ameliorates depression-like behaviors by suppressing ER stress in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2022;588:168-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.12.074.
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15. Mohammad Pour Zehab M, Shariati-Sharifi F, Jamshidian A, Hajinezhad MR. The effect of Syrian mesquite (Prosopis farcta) seed extract on thioacetamide-induced oxidative stress in rats. Feyz Med Sci J 2018;22(1):25-30.
16. Rasheed RA. Effects of Prosopis farcta Root Extract and Some Antidiabetic Agents on Vascular Reactivity of Glucose Induced Endothelial Dysfunction in Isolated Goat Coronary Artery. KJAR. 2020. https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2019.ichms.1
17. Ratajczak M, Kaminska D, Nowak-Malczewska DM, Schneider A, Dlugaszewska J. Relationship between antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation, genes coding virulence factors and source of origin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2021;28(2). https://doi.org/10.26444/aaem/122682.
18. Sharifi-Rad J, Kobarfard F, Ata A, Ayatollahi SA, Khosravi-Dehaghi N, Jugran AK, et al. Prosopis plant chemical composition and pharmacological attributes: Targeting clinical studies from preclinical evidence. Biomolecules. 2019;9(12):777. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9120777
19. Shahroodian S, Mirkalantari S, Koupaei M, Amirmozafari N. Antibacterial effect of Datura stramonium and Prosopis farcta extracts and effect on the cell viability. Authorea Preprints. 2023. https://doi.org/10.22541/au.168405123.34540987/v1.
20. Sargazi S, Laraib U, Er S, Rahdar A, Hassanisaadi M, Zafar MN, et al. Application of green gold nanoparticles in cancer therapy and diagnosis. Nanomaterials. 2022;12(7):1102. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12071102.
21. Bahrami G, Hosseinzadeh L, Azadi Z, Mohammadi B, Mahdiyan Z, Hajialyani M, Farzaei MH. The Anti-Atherosclerotic Effect of Prosopis Farcta is Associated with the Inhibition of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1. JRPS. 2018;7(3):357-67. https://doi.org/10.4103/2322-1232.254811.
22. Lin LF, Chiu SP, Wu MJ, Chen PY, Yen JH. Luteolin induces microRNA-132 expression and modulates neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. PLoS One. 2012;7(8):e43304. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0043304.
23. Zhen JL, Chang YN, Qu ZZ, Fu T, Liu JQ, Wang WP. Luteolin rescues pentylenetetrazole-induced cognitive impairment in epileptic rats by reducing oxidative stress and activating PKA/CREB/BDNF signaling. Epilepsy Behav. 2016;57(Pt A):177-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.02.001.
24. Xiong F, Lv X. Luteolin reversed anxiety and depressive-like behavior via modulation of the NF-kappaB/NLRP3 inflammasome axis in the hippocampus of rats subjected to sleep deprivation. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2024;27(8):1050-8. https://doi.org/10.22038/IJBMS.2024.75068.16277.
25. Agirman E, Celik I, Dogan A. Consumption of the Syrian mesquite plant (Prosopis farcta) fruit and seed lyophilized extracts may have both protective and toxic effects in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Arch Physiol Biochem. 2022;128(4):887-96. https://doi.org/10.1080/13813455.2020.1734844
26. Feyzmand S, Shahbazi B, Marami M, Bahrami G, Fattahi A, Shokoohinia Y. Mechanistic In vitro Evaluation of Prosopis farcta Roots Potential as an Antidiabetic Folk Medicinal Plant. Pharmacogn Mag. 2018;13(Suppl 4):S852-S9. https://doi.org/10.4103/pm.pm_162_17.
27. Dashtban M, Sarir H, Omidi A. The effect of Prosopis farcta beans extract on blood biochemical parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats. Adv Biomed Res. 2016;5:116. https://doi.org/10.4103/2277-9175.185575.
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29. Rasheed R. The Metformin Mimic Activity of Prosopis Farcta Root Extract in Endothelial Induced Dysfunction Coronary Artery. J res lepid By. 2020;51:752-80. https://doi.org/10.36872/LEPI/V51I2/301132.
30. Alharbi K, El-Tigani-Asil E, Ahmed A, El-Ashmawy I, Al-Wabel PDN. Wound healing potential of methanolic extracts of some plants native to Al-Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia. J Food Agric Environ. 2016;Vol.14:238-42.
31. Heidari A, Khayatzadeh J, Mahdavi Shahri N, Tehranipoor M. The Effect of Fruit Pod Powder and Aquatic Extract of Prosopis farcta on Healing Cutaneous wounds in Diabetic Rat. Zahedan J Res Med Sci. 2012;14.
32. Mahmud S, Amin Z, Nuraddin S, Alshawsh M. Antioxidant And Wound Healing Properties Of Prosopis Farcta And Adiantum Capillus Plant Extracts: An In Vitro Study. J Pharm Negat Results. 2023;14:3831-9. https://doi.org/10.47750/pnr.2023.14.03.480.
33. Noroozi R, Sadeghi E, Yousefi H, Taheri M, Sarabi P, Dowati A, et al. Wound healing features of Prosopis farcta: in vitro evaluation of antibacterial, antioxidant, proliferative and angiogenic properties. Gene Rep. 2019;17:100482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genrep.2019.100482.
34. Omidi A, Ansari nik H, Ghazaghi M. Prosopis farcta beans increase HDL cholesterol and decrease LDL cholesterol in ostriches (Struthio camelus). Trop Anim Health Prod. 2013;45(2):431-4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-012-0234-x.
35. Rasheed RA, Salih Ibrahim Kakey I. Effects of Prosopis farcta Root Extract in the Vascular Reactivity of Isolated Goat Coronary Artery. KJAR. 2019:1-19. https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2019.ICHMS.1.
36. Mohammed IH, Kakey ES. Effect of Prosopis farcta extracts on some complications (hematology and lipid profiles) associated with alloxan induced diabetic rats. Iraqi J Vet Sci. 2020;34(1):45-50. https://doi.org/10.33899/ijvs.2019.125574.1089.
37. Mohammdpour-Zehab M, Shariati-Sharifi F, Jamshidian A, Hajinezhad MR. Effects of prosopis farcta hydro-alcoholic seed extract on thioacetamide-induced acute liver toxicity in rats. J Isfahan Med. 2017;35(421):216-21.
38. Hajinezhad M, Esmaeilzadeh Bahabadi S, Miri H, Davari S, Darvish Sargazi M. Effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Prosopis farcta pod on liver histopathology and malondialdehyde level in streptozotocin diabetic rats. Quart Horiz Med Sci. 2015;21(1):31-6. https://doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.hms.21.1.31.
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2. Yaseen AH, Atiyah AA, Abdulqadir T. Study of the effect of the plant extract of Prosopis farcta on the gram negative and gram positive bacteria, isolated from different infections. Plant Arch. 2019;19(1):1402-6.
3. Mohammadpour S, Ghiasyzadeh F, Darvishi M, Karimi E, Ghaneialvar H, Alizadeh R, et al. The Effect of Prosopis farcta and Its Bioactive Luteolin on the Hippocampus of Mice after Induced Ischemia Reperfusion. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022;2022(1):8157948. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8157948.
4. Moayeri A, Azimi M, Karimi E, Aidy A, Abbasi N. Attenuation of Morphine Withdrawal Syndrome by Prosopis Farcta Extract and Its Bioactive Component Luteolin in Comparison with Clonidine in Rats. Med Sci Monit Basic Res. 2018;24:151-8. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSMBR.909930.
5. Sharifi-Rad J, Zhong J, Ayatollahi SA, Kobarfard F, Faizi M, Khosravi-Dehaghi N, Suleria HA. LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS characterization of phenolic compounds from Prosopis farcta (Banks & Sol.) JF Macbr. and their potential antioxidant activities. Cell Mol Biol. 2021;67(1):189-200. https://doi.org/10.14715/cmb/2021.67.1.28.
6. Zhong J, Lu P, Wu H, Liu Z, Sharifi-Rad J, Setzer WN, Suleria HA. Current insights into phytochemistry, nutritional, and pharmacological properties of Prosopis plants. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022;2022(1):2218029. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2218029.
7. Ghasemian-Yadegari J, Adineh A, Mohammadi H, Davari S, Veisani Y, Ghaneialvar H, et al. Attenuation of cannabis withdrawal symptoms by Prosopis farcta extract, its luteolin and melatonin in mice: Involvement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and dopamine. Cell Biochem Funct. 2024;42(2):e3980. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbf.3980.
8. Sharifi-Rad J, El Menyiy N, Ydyrys A, El Hachlafi N, El Omari N, Aldahish AA, et al. Bioactive compounds from Prosopis species as potential oxidative stress and inflammation modulators: an update on mechanisms. Minerva Biotechnol Biomol Res. 2023;35(2). https://doi.org/10.23736/s2724-542x.23.02977-2
9. Xie Y, Zhang H, Chen J, Xu S, Luo Y. Luteolin Mitigates Dopaminergic Neuron Degeneration and Restrains Microglial M1 Polarization by Inhibiting Toll Like Receptor 4. J Integr Neurosci. 2024;23(10):185. https://doi.org/10.31083/j.jin2310185.
10. Elsheikh MA, El-Feky YA, Al-Sawahli MM, Ali ME, Fayez AM, Abbas H. A Brain-Targeted Approach to Ameliorate Memory Disorders in a Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model via Intranasal Luteolin-Loaded Nanobilosomes. Pharmaceutics. 2022;14(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14030576.
11. Tana, Nakagawa T. Luteolin ameliorates depression-like behaviors by suppressing ER stress in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2022;588:168-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.12.074.
12. Srivastava A, Srivastava P, Pandey A, Khanna V, Pant A. Phytomedicine: A potential alternative medicine in controlling neurological disorders. New look to phytomedicine: Elsevier; 2019. p. 625-55.
13. Safari A, Sharifzadeh M, Hassanzadeh G. The protective effect of a standardized hydroalcoholic extract of Prosopis farcta (Banks & Sol.) JF Macbr. fruit in a rat model for experimental ulcerative colitis. Tradit Med Res. 2021;6(5):40. https://doi.org/10.53388/TMR20210824243.
14. Rodrigues CM, Fan G, Wong PY, Kren BT, Steer CJ. Ursodeoxycholic acid may inhibit deoxycholic acid-induced apoptosis by modulating mitochondrial transmembrane potential and reactive oxygen species production. Mol Med. 1998;4(3):165-78. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03401914
15. Mohammad Pour Zehab M, Shariati-Sharifi F, Jamshidian A, Hajinezhad MR. The effect of Syrian mesquite (Prosopis farcta) seed extract on thioacetamide-induced oxidative stress in rats. Feyz Med Sci J 2018;22(1):25-30.
16. Rasheed RA. Effects of Prosopis farcta Root Extract and Some Antidiabetic Agents on Vascular Reactivity of Glucose Induced Endothelial Dysfunction in Isolated Goat Coronary Artery. KJAR. 2020. https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2019.ichms.1
17. Ratajczak M, Kaminska D, Nowak-Malczewska DM, Schneider A, Dlugaszewska J. Relationship between antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation, genes coding virulence factors and source of origin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2021;28(2). https://doi.org/10.26444/aaem/122682.
18. Sharifi-Rad J, Kobarfard F, Ata A, Ayatollahi SA, Khosravi-Dehaghi N, Jugran AK, et al. Prosopis plant chemical composition and pharmacological attributes: Targeting clinical studies from preclinical evidence. Biomolecules. 2019;9(12):777. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9120777
19. Shahroodian S, Mirkalantari S, Koupaei M, Amirmozafari N. Antibacterial effect of Datura stramonium and Prosopis farcta extracts and effect on the cell viability. Authorea Preprints. 2023. https://doi.org/10.22541/au.168405123.34540987/v1.
20. Sargazi S, Laraib U, Er S, Rahdar A, Hassanisaadi M, Zafar MN, et al. Application of green gold nanoparticles in cancer therapy and diagnosis. Nanomaterials. 2022;12(7):1102. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12071102.
21. Bahrami G, Hosseinzadeh L, Azadi Z, Mohammadi B, Mahdiyan Z, Hajialyani M, Farzaei MH. The Anti-Atherosclerotic Effect of Prosopis Farcta is Associated with the Inhibition of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1. JRPS. 2018;7(3):357-67. https://doi.org/10.4103/2322-1232.254811.
22. Lin LF, Chiu SP, Wu MJ, Chen PY, Yen JH. Luteolin induces microRNA-132 expression and modulates neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. PLoS One. 2012;7(8):e43304. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0043304.
23. Zhen JL, Chang YN, Qu ZZ, Fu T, Liu JQ, Wang WP. Luteolin rescues pentylenetetrazole-induced cognitive impairment in epileptic rats by reducing oxidative stress and activating PKA/CREB/BDNF signaling. Epilepsy Behav. 2016;57(Pt A):177-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.02.001.
24. Xiong F, Lv X. Luteolin reversed anxiety and depressive-like behavior via modulation of the NF-kappaB/NLRP3 inflammasome axis in the hippocampus of rats subjected to sleep deprivation. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2024;27(8):1050-8. https://doi.org/10.22038/IJBMS.2024.75068.16277.
25. Agirman E, Celik I, Dogan A. Consumption of the Syrian mesquite plant (Prosopis farcta) fruit and seed lyophilized extracts may have both protective and toxic effects in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Arch Physiol Biochem. 2022;128(4):887-96. https://doi.org/10.1080/13813455.2020.1734844
26. Feyzmand S, Shahbazi B, Marami M, Bahrami G, Fattahi A, Shokoohinia Y. Mechanistic In vitro Evaluation of Prosopis farcta Roots Potential as an Antidiabetic Folk Medicinal Plant. Pharmacogn Mag. 2018;13(Suppl 4):S852-S9. https://doi.org/10.4103/pm.pm_162_17.
27. Dashtban M, Sarir H, Omidi A. The effect of Prosopis farcta beans extract on blood biochemical parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats. Adv Biomed Res. 2016;5:116. https://doi.org/10.4103/2277-9175.185575.
28. Mirzahosseini-pourranjbar A, Karimabad MN, Hajizadeh MR, Khoshdel A, Fahmidehkar MA, Mohammad-Sadeghipour M, et al. The effect of Prosopis farcta extract on the expression of some key genes of the glycolysis pathway and the genes involved in insulin signaling in HepG2 cells. Gene Rep. 2019;17:100494. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genrep.2019.100494.
29. Rasheed R. The Metformin Mimic Activity of Prosopis Farcta Root Extract in Endothelial Induced Dysfunction Coronary Artery. J res lepid By. 2020;51:752-80. https://doi.org/10.36872/LEPI/V51I2/301132.
30. Alharbi K, El-Tigani-Asil E, Ahmed A, El-Ashmawy I, Al-Wabel PDN. Wound healing potential of methanolic extracts of some plants native to Al-Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia. J Food Agric Environ. 2016;Vol.14:238-42.
31. Heidari A, Khayatzadeh J, Mahdavi Shahri N, Tehranipoor M. The Effect of Fruit Pod Powder and Aquatic Extract of Prosopis farcta on Healing Cutaneous wounds in Diabetic Rat. Zahedan J Res Med Sci. 2012;14.
32. Mahmud S, Amin Z, Nuraddin S, Alshawsh M. Antioxidant And Wound Healing Properties Of Prosopis Farcta And Adiantum Capillus Plant Extracts: An In Vitro Study. J Pharm Negat Results. 2023;14:3831-9. https://doi.org/10.47750/pnr.2023.14.03.480.
33. Noroozi R, Sadeghi E, Yousefi H, Taheri M, Sarabi P, Dowati A, et al. Wound healing features of Prosopis farcta: in vitro evaluation of antibacterial, antioxidant, proliferative and angiogenic properties. Gene Rep. 2019;17:100482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genrep.2019.100482.
34. Omidi A, Ansari nik H, Ghazaghi M. Prosopis farcta beans increase HDL cholesterol and decrease LDL cholesterol in ostriches (Struthio camelus). Trop Anim Health Prod. 2013;45(2):431-4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-012-0234-x.
35. Rasheed RA, Salih Ibrahim Kakey I. Effects of Prosopis farcta Root Extract in the Vascular Reactivity of Isolated Goat Coronary Artery. KJAR. 2019:1-19. https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2019.ICHMS.1.
36. Mohammed IH, Kakey ES. Effect of Prosopis farcta extracts on some complications (hematology and lipid profiles) associated with alloxan induced diabetic rats. Iraqi J Vet Sci. 2020;34(1):45-50. https://doi.org/10.33899/ijvs.2019.125574.1089.
37. Mohammdpour-Zehab M, Shariati-Sharifi F, Jamshidian A, Hajinezhad MR. Effects of prosopis farcta hydro-alcoholic seed extract on thioacetamide-induced acute liver toxicity in rats. J Isfahan Med. 2017;35(421):216-21.
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| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 3 No 4 (2025) | |
| Section | Review Article(s) | |
| Keywords | ||
| Prosopis farcta medicinal plants bioactive compounds. | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Yousefi T, Nomiri S, Taebi R, Yazdanimoghaddam F, Mohammadi Y. A Comprehensive Review of the Pharmacological Properties and Therapeutic Potential of Prosopis farcta. ABI. 2025;3(4):197-205.
