Assessment of resistance and aerobic training with/without Blood Flow Restriction and detraining period and their association with miR143/145 (rs4705342 and rs4705343) and IGF2BP2 (rs4402960 and rs1470579) gene polymorphisms in men with type 2 diabetes
,
Abstract
Objectives: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a prevalent metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and impaired glucose metabolism, often leading to severe complications. Emerging evidence suggests that exercise, particularly resistance training and aerobic activities, can significantly improve glycemic control and overall health in individuals with T2D. This study aimed to assess resistance and aerobic training, both with and without Blood Flow Restriction (BFR) and genetic polymorphisms located in the miR143/145 and IGF2BP2 gene clusters in men with T2D.
Methods: A total of 30 men with T2D were randomly assigned to four groups: resistance training with BFR (RT-BFR), resistance training without BFR (RT), aerobic training with BFR (AT-BFR), and aerobic training without BFR (AT) and two control groups. Training sessions were conducted three times per week for 12 weeks, followed by a 6-week detraining period. Genotyping was performed for polymorphisms within the miR143/145 and IGF2BP2 gene clusters by ARMS-PCR.
Results: The results of our study showed that in the AT group, the dominant genotype was TTrs4705342TTrs4705343GGrs4402960AArs1470579. In the RT group and the Control AT group, the dominant genotype was TTrs4705342TTrs4705343GGrs4402960CCrs1470579. And also, in other groups (including AT-BFR and RT-BFR group and Control RT group) the dominant genotype was TTrs4705342TTrs4705343GGrs4402960ACrs1470579. The results were AT vs. Control AT at the rs4402960 position in the recessive model. Therefore, the risk decreased by 0.74 for TT vs. GT+GG (p-value = 0.025). Moreover, the RT group vs. Control RT group at the rs1470579 position in the same model, yielded significant results, leading to a 14-fold increase in risk for CC vs. AC+AA (p-value < 0.001).
Conclusion:The findings from this research contribute valuable evidence to the ongoing discourse surrounding exercise, genetics, and diabetes management.
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2. Ghahraman Abedi F, Sattar G-F. Dissecting the interaction between antiviral medication and diabetes mellitus. Acta Biochimica Iranica. 2024;2(3):119-24. https://doi.org/10.18502/abi.v2i3.19094
3. Suh S, Jeong I-K, Kim MY, Kim YS, Shin S, Kim SS, et al. Effects of resistance training and aerobic exercise on insulin sensitivity in overweight korean adolescents: a controlled randomized trial. Diabetes Metab J. 2011;35(4):418-26. https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2011.35.4.418
4. Pignanelli C, Christiansen D, Burr JF. Blood flow restriction training and the high-performance athlete: science to application. J Appl Physiol. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00982.2020
5. Sargazi S, Heidari Nia M, Mirani Sargazi F, Sheervalilou R, Saravani R, Bahrami S, et al. Functional miR143/145 cluster variants and haplotypes are associated with chronic kidney disease: a preliminary case-control study and computational analyses. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2021;193:1532-44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-021-03489-w
6. Liu J, Wang H, Zeng D, Xiong J, Luo J, Chen X, et al. The novel importance of miR-143 in obesity regulation. Int J Obes. 2023;47(2):100-8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-022-01245-6
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8. Holten MK, Zacho M, Gaster M, Juel C, Wojtaszewski JF, Dela F. Strength training increases insulin-mediated glucose uptake, GLUT4 content, and insulin signaling in skeletal muscle in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2004;53(2):294-305. https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.53.2.294
9. Syeda UA, Battillo D, Visaria A, Malin SK. The importance of exercise for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. AJM Open. 2023;9:100031. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajmo.2023.100031
10. Marcotte-Chénard A, Little JP. Towards optimizing exercise prescription for type 2 diabetes: modulating exercise parameters to strategically improve glucose control. TEB. 2024;1(1):71-88. https://doi.org/10.1515/teb-2024-2007
11. Yasuda T, Ogasawara R, Sakamaki M, Ozaki H, Sato Y, Abe T. Combined effects of low-intensity blood flow restriction training and high-intensity resistance training on muscle strength and size. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2011;111:2525-33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-011-1873-8
12. May AK, Russell AP, Della Gatta PA, Warmington SA. Muscle adaptations to heavy-load and blood flow restriction resistance training methods. Front Physiol. 2022;13:837697. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.837697
13. Saatmann N, Zaharia O-P, Loenneke JP, Roden M, Pesta DH. Effects of blood flow restriction exercise and possible applications in type 2 diabetes. TEM. 2021;32(2):106-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tem.2020.11.010
14. Govahi Kakhki F, Sargazi S, Montazerifar F, Majidpour M, Karajibani A, Karajibani M, et al. IGF2BP2 and IGFBP3 Genotypes, Haplotypes, and Genetic Models Studies in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Clin Lab Anal. 2024;38(5):e25021. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcla.25021
15. Dos Santos JAC, Veras ASC, Batista VRG, Tavares MEA, Correia RR, Suggett CB, et al. Physical exercise and the functions of microRNAs. Life Sci. 2022;304:120723. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120723
16. Xu X, Yu Y, Zong K, Lv P, Gu Y. Up-regulation of IGF2BP2 by multiple mechanisms in pancreatic cancer promotes cancer proliferation by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2019;38:1-14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13046-019-1470-y
17. Ratel S, Gryson C, Rance M, Penando S, Bonhomme C, Le Ruyet P, et al. Detraining-induced alterations in metabolic and fitness markers after a multicomponent exercise-training program in older men. APNM. 2012;37(1):72-9. https://doi.org/10.1139/h11-130
18. Sellami M, Bragazzi N, Prince MS, Denham J, Elrayess M. Regular, intense exercise training as a healthy aging lifestyle strategy: preventing DNA damage, telomere shortening and adverse DNA methylation changes over a lifetime. Front Genet. 2021;12:652497. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2021.652497
19. Cauza E, Hanusch-Enserer U, Strasser B, Ludvik B, Metz-Schimmerl S, Pacini G, et al. The relative benefits of endurance and strength training on the metabolic factors and muscle function of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005;86(8):1527-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2005.01.007
20. Knapik JJ, Staab JS, Harman EA. Validity of an anthropometric estimate of thigh muscle cross-sectional area. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1996;28(12):1523-30. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199612000-00013
21. Wilson JM, Lowery RP, Joy JM, Loenneke JP, Naimo MA. Practical blood flow restriction training increases acute determinants of hypertrophy without increasing indices of muscle damage. J Strength Cond Res. 2013;27(11):3068-75. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e31828a1ffa
22. Moghetti P, Balducci S, Guidetti L, Mazzuca P, Rossi E, Schena F. Walking for subjects with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and joint AMD/SID/SISMES evidence-based practical guideline. NMCD. 2020;30(11):1882-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2020.08.021
23. Zhang T, Wang X, Wang J. Effect of blood flow restriction combined with low-intensity training on the lower limbs muscle strength and function in older adults: A meta-analysis. Exp Gerontol. 2022;164:111827. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2022.111827
24. Patterson SD, Hughes L, Warmington S, Burr J, Scott BR, Owens J, et al. Blood flow restriction exercise: considerations of methodology, application, and safety. Front Physiol. 2019;10:533. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00533
25. Gaaib JN, Nassief AF, Al-Assi A. Simple salting-out method for genomic DNA extraction from whole blood. Tikrit J Pure Sci. 2011;16(2):1813-662.
26. Rychlik W. OLIGO 7 primer analysis software. Methods Mol Biol. 2007:35-59. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-528-2_2
27. Godman B, Basu D, Pillay Y, Mwita JC, Rwegerera GM, Anand Paramadhas BD, et al. Review of ongoing activities and challenges to improve the care of patients with type 2 diabetes across Africa and the implications for the future. Front Pharmacol. 2020;11:108. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.00108
28. Solaleh E, Zhila M, Mohammad T, Sattar G-F, Arash S. Homeostatic Model Assessment of β-cell Function May be an Emerging Predictor of Bone Resorption in Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity. Acta Biochimica Iranica. 2023;1(2). https://doi.org/10.18502/abi.v1i2.14104
29. Ibrahim AM. Epidemiological Review of Chronic Diabetes Complications (Cardiovascular Disease, Nephropathy and Retinopathy). EC Endocrinology and Metabolic Research. 2018;3:103-13.
30. Roya M, Roya J, Ensieh Nasli E, Farideh R, Reza M. Serum levels miR-29a-3p and miR-221-3p as potential biomarkers for diagnosis of diabetes. Acta Biochimica Iranica. 2024;2(3).
31. Teixeira-Lemos E, Nunes S, Teixeira F, Reis F. Regular physical exercise training assists in preventing type 2 diabetes development: focus on its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2011;10:1-15. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2840-10-12
32. Praet S, Van Loon L. Exercise: the brittle cornerstone of type 2 diabetes treatment. Diabetol. 2008;51:398-401. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-007-0910-y
33. Servais P. Mastering Insulin Sensitivity: A Holistic and Comprehensive Guide to Improving Blood Sugar Control: Optimized YOUniversity; 2024.
34. Krisan AD, Collins DE, Crain AM, Kwong CC, Singh MK, Bernard JR, et al. Resistance training enhances components of the insulin signaling cascade in normal and high-fat-fed rodent skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol. 2004;96(5):1691-700. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01054.2003
35. Zumbaugh MD, Johnson SE, Shi TH, Gerrard DE. Molecular and biochemical regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism. J Anim Sci. 2022;100(8):skac035. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac035
36. Li N, Shi H, Guo Q, Gan Y, Zhang Y, Jia J, et al. Aerobic exercise prevents chronic inflammation and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle of high-fat diet mice. Nutr. 2022;14(18):3730. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14183730
37. Rodrigo-Mallorca D, Loaiza-Betancur AF, Monteagudo P, Blasco-Lafarga C, Chulvi-Medrano I. Resistance training with blood flow restriction compared to traditional resistance training on strength and muscle mass in non-active older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. IJERPH. 2021;18(21):11441. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111441
38. Patterson S. Low load resistance training with blood flow restriction: adaptations and mechanisms in young and old people: © Stephen D Patterson; 2011.
2. Ghahraman Abedi F, Sattar G-F. Dissecting the interaction between antiviral medication and diabetes mellitus. Acta Biochimica Iranica. 2024;2(3):119-24. https://doi.org/10.18502/abi.v2i3.19094
3. Suh S, Jeong I-K, Kim MY, Kim YS, Shin S, Kim SS, et al. Effects of resistance training and aerobic exercise on insulin sensitivity in overweight korean adolescents: a controlled randomized trial. Diabetes Metab J. 2011;35(4):418-26. https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2011.35.4.418
4. Pignanelli C, Christiansen D, Burr JF. Blood flow restriction training and the high-performance athlete: science to application. J Appl Physiol. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00982.2020
5. Sargazi S, Heidari Nia M, Mirani Sargazi F, Sheervalilou R, Saravani R, Bahrami S, et al. Functional miR143/145 cluster variants and haplotypes are associated with chronic kidney disease: a preliminary case-control study and computational analyses. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2021;193:1532-44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-021-03489-w
6. Liu J, Wang H, Zeng D, Xiong J, Luo J, Chen X, et al. The novel importance of miR-143 in obesity regulation. Int J Obes. 2023;47(2):100-8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-022-01245-6
7. AbouAssi H, Slentz CA, Mikus CR, Tanner CJ, Bateman LA, Willis LH, et al. The effects of aerobic, resistance, and combination training on insulin sensitivity and secretion in overweight adults from STRRIDE AT/RT: a randomized trial. J Appl Physiol. 2015;118(12):1474-82. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00509.2014
8. Holten MK, Zacho M, Gaster M, Juel C, Wojtaszewski JF, Dela F. Strength training increases insulin-mediated glucose uptake, GLUT4 content, and insulin signaling in skeletal muscle in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2004;53(2):294-305. https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.53.2.294
9. Syeda UA, Battillo D, Visaria A, Malin SK. The importance of exercise for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. AJM Open. 2023;9:100031. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajmo.2023.100031
10. Marcotte-Chénard A, Little JP. Towards optimizing exercise prescription for type 2 diabetes: modulating exercise parameters to strategically improve glucose control. TEB. 2024;1(1):71-88. https://doi.org/10.1515/teb-2024-2007
11. Yasuda T, Ogasawara R, Sakamaki M, Ozaki H, Sato Y, Abe T. Combined effects of low-intensity blood flow restriction training and high-intensity resistance training on muscle strength and size. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2011;111:2525-33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-011-1873-8
12. May AK, Russell AP, Della Gatta PA, Warmington SA. Muscle adaptations to heavy-load and blood flow restriction resistance training methods. Front Physiol. 2022;13:837697. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.837697
13. Saatmann N, Zaharia O-P, Loenneke JP, Roden M, Pesta DH. Effects of blood flow restriction exercise and possible applications in type 2 diabetes. TEM. 2021;32(2):106-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tem.2020.11.010
14. Govahi Kakhki F, Sargazi S, Montazerifar F, Majidpour M, Karajibani A, Karajibani M, et al. IGF2BP2 and IGFBP3 Genotypes, Haplotypes, and Genetic Models Studies in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Clin Lab Anal. 2024;38(5):e25021. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcla.25021
15. Dos Santos JAC, Veras ASC, Batista VRG, Tavares MEA, Correia RR, Suggett CB, et al. Physical exercise and the functions of microRNAs. Life Sci. 2022;304:120723. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120723
16. Xu X, Yu Y, Zong K, Lv P, Gu Y. Up-regulation of IGF2BP2 by multiple mechanisms in pancreatic cancer promotes cancer proliferation by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2019;38:1-14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13046-019-1470-y
17. Ratel S, Gryson C, Rance M, Penando S, Bonhomme C, Le Ruyet P, et al. Detraining-induced alterations in metabolic and fitness markers after a multicomponent exercise-training program in older men. APNM. 2012;37(1):72-9. https://doi.org/10.1139/h11-130
18. Sellami M, Bragazzi N, Prince MS, Denham J, Elrayess M. Regular, intense exercise training as a healthy aging lifestyle strategy: preventing DNA damage, telomere shortening and adverse DNA methylation changes over a lifetime. Front Genet. 2021;12:652497. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2021.652497
19. Cauza E, Hanusch-Enserer U, Strasser B, Ludvik B, Metz-Schimmerl S, Pacini G, et al. The relative benefits of endurance and strength training on the metabolic factors and muscle function of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005;86(8):1527-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2005.01.007
20. Knapik JJ, Staab JS, Harman EA. Validity of an anthropometric estimate of thigh muscle cross-sectional area. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1996;28(12):1523-30. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199612000-00013
21. Wilson JM, Lowery RP, Joy JM, Loenneke JP, Naimo MA. Practical blood flow restriction training increases acute determinants of hypertrophy without increasing indices of muscle damage. J Strength Cond Res. 2013;27(11):3068-75. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e31828a1ffa
22. Moghetti P, Balducci S, Guidetti L, Mazzuca P, Rossi E, Schena F. Walking for subjects with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and joint AMD/SID/SISMES evidence-based practical guideline. NMCD. 2020;30(11):1882-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2020.08.021
23. Zhang T, Wang X, Wang J. Effect of blood flow restriction combined with low-intensity training on the lower limbs muscle strength and function in older adults: A meta-analysis. Exp Gerontol. 2022;164:111827. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2022.111827
24. Patterson SD, Hughes L, Warmington S, Burr J, Scott BR, Owens J, et al. Blood flow restriction exercise: considerations of methodology, application, and safety. Front Physiol. 2019;10:533. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00533
25. Gaaib JN, Nassief AF, Al-Assi A. Simple salting-out method for genomic DNA extraction from whole blood. Tikrit J Pure Sci. 2011;16(2):1813-662.
26. Rychlik W. OLIGO 7 primer analysis software. Methods Mol Biol. 2007:35-59. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-528-2_2
27. Godman B, Basu D, Pillay Y, Mwita JC, Rwegerera GM, Anand Paramadhas BD, et al. Review of ongoing activities and challenges to improve the care of patients with type 2 diabetes across Africa and the implications for the future. Front Pharmacol. 2020;11:108. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.00108
28. Solaleh E, Zhila M, Mohammad T, Sattar G-F, Arash S. Homeostatic Model Assessment of β-cell Function May be an Emerging Predictor of Bone Resorption in Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity. Acta Biochimica Iranica. 2023;1(2). https://doi.org/10.18502/abi.v1i2.14104
29. Ibrahim AM. Epidemiological Review of Chronic Diabetes Complications (Cardiovascular Disease, Nephropathy and Retinopathy). EC Endocrinology and Metabolic Research. 2018;3:103-13.
30. Roya M, Roya J, Ensieh Nasli E, Farideh R, Reza M. Serum levels miR-29a-3p and miR-221-3p as potential biomarkers for diagnosis of diabetes. Acta Biochimica Iranica. 2024;2(3).
31. Teixeira-Lemos E, Nunes S, Teixeira F, Reis F. Regular physical exercise training assists in preventing type 2 diabetes development: focus on its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2011;10:1-15. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2840-10-12
32. Praet S, Van Loon L. Exercise: the brittle cornerstone of type 2 diabetes treatment. Diabetol. 2008;51:398-401. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-007-0910-y
33. Servais P. Mastering Insulin Sensitivity: A Holistic and Comprehensive Guide to Improving Blood Sugar Control: Optimized YOUniversity; 2024.
34. Krisan AD, Collins DE, Crain AM, Kwong CC, Singh MK, Bernard JR, et al. Resistance training enhances components of the insulin signaling cascade in normal and high-fat-fed rodent skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol. 2004;96(5):1691-700. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01054.2003
35. Zumbaugh MD, Johnson SE, Shi TH, Gerrard DE. Molecular and biochemical regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism. J Anim Sci. 2022;100(8):skac035. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac035
36. Li N, Shi H, Guo Q, Gan Y, Zhang Y, Jia J, et al. Aerobic exercise prevents chronic inflammation and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle of high-fat diet mice. Nutr. 2022;14(18):3730. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14183730
37. Rodrigo-Mallorca D, Loaiza-Betancur AF, Monteagudo P, Blasco-Lafarga C, Chulvi-Medrano I. Resistance training with blood flow restriction compared to traditional resistance training on strength and muscle mass in non-active older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. IJERPH. 2021;18(21):11441. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111441
38. Patterson S. Low load resistance training with blood flow restriction: adaptations and mechanisms in young and old people: © Stephen D Patterson; 2011.
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| Issue | Vol 3 No 2 (2025) | |
| Section | Original Articles | |
| Keywords | ||
| Type 2 diabetes (T2D) Resistance training (RT) Aerobic training (AT) Blood Flow Restriction (BFR) miR143/145 IGF2BP2 polymorphisms | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Moodi H, Feizolahi F, Rahimi A, Saravani R. Assessment of resistance and aerobic training with/without Blood Flow Restriction and detraining period and their association with miR143/145 (rs4705342 and rs4705343) and IGF2BP2 (rs4402960 and rs1470579) gene polymorphisms in men with type 2 diabetes. ABI. 2025;3(2):83-89.
