Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Biochimica Iranica 0001-5261 3 2 2025 06 19 83 89 Hassan Moudi Department of Exercise Physiology, Ka. C., Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran Foad Feizolahi Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran Alireza Rahimi Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran Ramin Saravani Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran 3 Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran 2025 07 08 2025 07 20 Objectives: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a prevalent metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and impaired glucose metabolism, often leading to severe complications. Emerging evidence suggests that exercise, particularly resistance training and aerobic activities, can significantly improve glycemic control and overall health in individuals with T2D. This study aimed to assess resistance and aerobic training, both with and without Blood Flow Restriction (BFR) and genetic polymorphisms located in the miR143/145 and IGF2BP2 gene clusters in men with T2D. Methods:  A total of 30 men with T2D were randomly assigned to four groups: resistance training with BFR (RT-BFR), resistance training without BFR (RT), aerobic training with BFR (AT-BFR), and aerobic training without BFR (AT) and two control groups. Training sessions were conducted three times per week for 12 weeks, followed by a 6-week detraining period. Genotyping was performed for polymorphisms within the miR143/145 and IGF2BP2 gene clusters by ARMS-PCR. Results: The results of our study showed that in the AT group, the dominant genotype was TTrs4705342TTrs4705343GGrs4402960AArs1470579. In the RT group and the Control AT group, the dominant genotype was TTrs4705342TTrs4705343GGrs4402960CCrs1470579. And also, in other groups (including AT-BFR and RT-BFR group and Control RT group) the dominant genotype was TTrs4705342TTrs4705343GGrs4402960ACrs1470579. The results were AT vs. Control AT at the rs4402960 position in the recessive model. Therefore, the risk decreased by 0.74 for TT vs. GT+GG (p-value = 0.025). Moreover, the RT group vs. Control RT group at the rs1470579 position in the same model, yielded significant results, leading to a 14-fold increase in risk for CC vs. AC+AA (p-value < 0.001). Conclusion:The findings from this research contribute valuable evidence to the ongoing discourse surrounding exercise, genetics, and diabetes management. https://abi.tums.ac.ir/index.php/abi/article/view/126 https://abi.tums.ac.ir/index.php/abi/article/download/126/105