Inflammatory indices IL-6, TNF-α, CRP, and hs-CRP in candidates for coronary artery bypass graft surgery
-
Hossein Pourghadamyari
,
Esmaeil Sajadi Moghadam
,
Mohsen Eghbali
,
Hossein Borji
,
Masood Dialamy
,
Asie Sadeghi
Abstract
Objectives: The elevation of inflammatory factors, such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), is associated with a high risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). The primary objective of the present study was to identify the primary inflammatory factors in patients who were candidates for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG).
Methods: This study included 30 subjects scheduled to undergo CABG surgery, as well as 30 control subjects. Serum levels of hs-CRP, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and TNF-α were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits.
Results: There were no significant differences in body mass index (BMI) and age between the patient and control groups. However, the patient group had significantly higher triglyceride (TG) levels compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Additionally, the patient group exhibited significantly elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α (P < 0.001 for both), as well as higher circulating levels of CRP and hs-CRP compared to the control group.
Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicated that patients recommended for surgical intervention often have elevated levels of inflammatory factors. It is advisable to take these findings into consideration before proceeding with surgery.
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3. Zahra Barmoudeh , M.H.S., Hossein Pourghadamyari, Mina Rohani Borj , Amir Hossein Doustimotlagh, Kazem Abbaszadeh-Goudarzi, C1q tumor necrosis factor related proteins (CTRPs) in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Acta Biochimica Iranica, 2023. 1(1): p. 12-19.
4. Jafari-Hafshejani, F., K. Shahanipour, M. Kazemipiur, F. Seif, A. Jafari, M.N. Behbahani, et al., Curcumin Attenuates Oxidative Stress-Induced Effects on TGF-β Expression and NF-κB Signaling in Bovine Aortic Endothelial Cells. Acta Biochimica Iranica, 2023. 1(2): p. 90-95.
5. Sorriento, D. and G. Iaccarino, Inflammation and cardiovascular diseases: the most recent findings. 2019, MDPI. p. 3879.
6. Meshkani, R. and S. Vakili, Tissue resident macrophages: Key players in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and its complications. Clinica chimica acta, 2016. 462: p. 77-89.
7. Mazloom, H., S. Alizadeh, P. Pasalar, E.N. Esfahani, and R. Meshkani, Downregulated microRNA-155 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of type 2 diabetic patients is not correlated with increased inflammatory cytokine production. Cytokine, 2015. 76(2): p. 403-408.
8. Guo, F., Y. Sha, B. Hu, and G. Li, Correlation of long non-coding RNA LncRNA-FA2H-2 with inflammatory markers in the peripheral blood of patients with coronary heart disease. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2021. 8: p. 682959.
9. Tzoulaki, I., G.D. Murray, A.J. Lee, A. Rumley, G.D. Lowe, and F.G.R. Fowkes, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and soluble adhesion molecules as predictors of progressive peripheral atherosclerosis in the general population: Edinburgh Artery Study. Circulation, 2005. 112(7): p. 976-983.
10. Hosseini, H., M. Koushki, H. Khodabandehloo, M. Fathi, G. Panahi, M. Teimouri, et al., The effect of resveratrol supplementation on C-reactive protein (CRP) in type 2 diabetic patients: Results from a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Complementary therapies in medicine, 2020. 49: p. 102251.
11. Alfaddagh, A., S.S. Martin, T.M. Leucker, E.D. Michos, M.J. Blaha, C.J. Lowenstein, et al., Inflammation and cardiovascular disease: From mechanisms to therapeutics. American journal of preventive cardiology, 2020. 4: p. 100130.
12. Khodabandehloo, H., S. Gorgani-Firuzjaee, G. Panahi, and R. Meshkani, Molecular and cellular mechanisms linking inflammation to insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. Translational Research, 2016. 167(1): p. 228-256.
13. Roya Jahangard , S.S.S.E., Akram Vatannejad, Reza Meshkani Autophagy protects peripheral blood mononuclear cells from high glucose-induced inflammation and apoptosis. Acta Biochimica Iranica, 2023. 1(1): p. 40-49.
14. Kawtharany, L., L. Bessueille, H. Issa, E. Hamade, K. Zibara, and D. Magne, Inflammation and microcalcification: A never-ending vicious cycle in atherosclerosis? Journal of Vascular Research, 2022. 59(3): p. 137-150.
15. Bastin, A., M. Teimouri, S. Faramarz, M. Shabani, A.H. Doustimotlagh, and A. Sadeghi, In vitro and Molecular Docking Analysis of Quercetin as an Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 2023. 29(11): p. 883-891.
16. Schumer, E.M., J.H. Chaney, J.R. Trivedi, P.L. Linsky, M.L. Williams, and M.S. Slaughter, Emergency coronary artery bypass grafting: indications and outcomes from 2003 through 2013. Texas Heart Institute Journal, 2016. 43(3): p. 214-219.
17. Held, C., N. Hadziosmanovic, P.E. Aylward, E. Hagström, J.S. Hochman, R.A. Stewart, et al., Body mass index and association with cardiovascular outcomes in patients with stable coronary heart disease–a stability substudy. Journal of the American Heart Association, 2022. 11(3): p. e023667.
18. Atique, S.M., B. Shadbolt, P. Marley, and A. Farshid, Association between body mass index and age of presentation with symptomatic coronary artery disease. Clinical Cardiology, 2016. 39(11): p. 653-657.
19. Solaleh Emamgholipour, Z.M., Mohammad Talebpour, Sattar Gorgani-Firuzjaee, Arash Shirvani Homeostatic Model Assessment of β-cell Function May be an Emerging Predictor of Bone Resorption in Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity. Acta Biochimica Iranica. 1(2): p. 78-82.
20. Emamgholipour, S., Z. Maghbooli, M. Talebpour, S. Gorgani-Firuzjaee, and A. Shirvani, Homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function may be an emerging predictor of bone resorption in metabolically unhealthy obesity. Acta Biochimica Iranica, 2023. 1(2): p. 78-82.
21. Vestberg, D., A. Rosengren, K. Eeg-Olofsson, M. Miftaraj, S. Franzen, A.-M. Svensson, et al., Body mass index as a risk factor for coronary events and mortality in patients with type 1 diabetes. Open heart, 2018. 5(1): p. e000727.
22. Nafakhi, H., A.A. Al-Mosawi, and M.M. Mudhafar, Pericardial fat versus BMI in the assessment of coronary atherosclerotic burden in patients with diabetes mellitus. Acta Diabetologica, 2020. 57: p. 605-611.
23. Fuchs, F.D. and P.K. Whelton, High blood pressure and cardiovascular disease. Hypertension, 2020. 75(2): p. 285-292.
24. Wu, C.-Y., H.-Y. Hu, Y.-J. Chou, N. Huang, Y.-C. Chou, and C.-P. Li, High blood pressure and all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortalities in community-dwelling older adults. Medicine, 2015. 94(47).
25. Hedayatnia, M., Z. Asadi, R. Zare-Feyzabadi, M. Yaghooti-Khorasani, H. Ghazizadeh, R. Ghaffarian-Zirak, et al., Dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease risk among the MASHAD study population. Lipids in health and disease, 2020. 19: p. 1-11.
26. Somayeh Chahkandi , R.D., Majid Mirmohammadkhani, Nasrin Amiri-Dashatan, Mehdi Koushki, The Effect of Silymarin on Liver Enzymes and Serum Lipid Profiles in Iranian Patients with Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Acta Biochimica Iranica, 2023. 1(2): p. 83-89.
27. Zamani‐Garmsiri, F., S. Emamgholipour, S. Rahmani Fard, G. Ghasempour, R. Jahangard Ahvazi, and R. Meshkani, Polyphenols: potential anti‐inflammatory agents for treatment of metabolic disorders. Phytotherapy Research, 2022. 36(1): p. 415-432.
28. Hossein Ghahremani, A.B., Kosar Bolandnazar , Solaleh Emamgholipor, Hossein Hosseini , Reza Meshkani Resveratrol as a Potential Protective Compound Against Metabolic Inflammation. Acta Biochimica Iranica, 2023. 1(2): p. 50-64.
29. Ghahremani, H., A. Bahramzadeh, K. Bolandnazar, S. Emamgholipor, H. Hosseini, and R. Meshkani, Resveratrol as a potential protective compound against metabolic inflammation. Acta Biochimica Iranica, 2023. 1(2): p. 50-64.
30. Sadeghi, A., M. Shabani, S. Alizadeh, and R. Meshkani, Interplay between oxidative stress and autophagy function and its role in inflammatory cytokine expression induced by palmitate in skeletal muscle cells. Cytokine, 2020. 125: p. 154835.
31. Ridker, P.M., N. Rifai, M. Pfeffer, F. Sacks, S. Lepage, and E. Braunwald, Elevation of tumor necrosis factor-α and increased risk of recurrent coronary events after myocardial infarction. Circulation, 2000. 101(18): p. 2149-2153.
32. Volpato, S., J.M. Guralnik, L. Ferrucci, J. Balfour, P. Chaves, L.P. Fried, et al., Cardiovascular disease, interleukin-6, and risk of mortality in older women: the women’s health and aging study. Circulation, 2001. 103(7): p. 947-953.
33. Zhuang, Q., C. Shen, Y. Chen, X. Zhao, P. Wei, J. Sun, et al., Association of high sensitive C-reactive protein with coronary heart disease: a Mendelian randomization study. BMC medical genetics, 2019. 20(1): p. 1-7.
34. Tajfard, M., S.B. Tavakoly Sany, A. Avan, L.A. Latiff, H.R. Rahimi, M. Moohebati, et al., Relationship between serum high sensitivity C‐reactive protein with angiographic severity of coronary artery disease and traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Journal of cellular physiology, 2019. 234(7): p. 10289-10299.
35. Mooney, L., C.E. Jackson, C. Adamson, A. McConnachie, P. Welsh, R.C. Myles, et al., Adverse outcomes associated with interleukin-6 in patients recently hospitalized for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Circulation: Heart Failure, 2023. 16(4): p. e010051.
36. Pai, J.K., T. Pischon, J. Ma, J.E. Manson, S.E. Hankinson, K. Joshipura, et al., Inflammatory markers and the risk of coronary heart disease in men and women. New England Journal of Medicine, 2004. 351(25): p. 2599-2610.
37. Ebong, I.A., P. Schreiner, C.E. Lewis, D. Appiah, A. Ghelani, and M. Wellons, The association between high sensitivity C-reactive protein and hypertension in women of the CARDIA study: C-reactive protein and hypertension. Menopause (New York, NY), 2016. 23(6): p. 662.
38. Kawamoto, R., Y. Tabara, K. Kohara, T. Miki, T. Kusunoki, S. Takayama, et al., Association between fasting plasma glucose and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein: gender differences in a Japanese community-dwelling population. Cardiovascular diabetology, 2011. 10: p. 1-8.
2. Li, Y., G.-y. Cao, W.-z. Jing, J. Liu, and M. Liu, Global trends and regional differences in incidence and mortality of cardiovascular disease, 1990− 2019: findings from 2019 global burden of disease study. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 2023. 30(3): p. 276-286.
3. Zahra Barmoudeh , M.H.S., Hossein Pourghadamyari, Mina Rohani Borj , Amir Hossein Doustimotlagh, Kazem Abbaszadeh-Goudarzi, C1q tumor necrosis factor related proteins (CTRPs) in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Acta Biochimica Iranica, 2023. 1(1): p. 12-19.
4. Jafari-Hafshejani, F., K. Shahanipour, M. Kazemipiur, F. Seif, A. Jafari, M.N. Behbahani, et al., Curcumin Attenuates Oxidative Stress-Induced Effects on TGF-β Expression and NF-κB Signaling in Bovine Aortic Endothelial Cells. Acta Biochimica Iranica, 2023. 1(2): p. 90-95.
5. Sorriento, D. and G. Iaccarino, Inflammation and cardiovascular diseases: the most recent findings. 2019, MDPI. p. 3879.
6. Meshkani, R. and S. Vakili, Tissue resident macrophages: Key players in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and its complications. Clinica chimica acta, 2016. 462: p. 77-89.
7. Mazloom, H., S. Alizadeh, P. Pasalar, E.N. Esfahani, and R. Meshkani, Downregulated microRNA-155 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of type 2 diabetic patients is not correlated with increased inflammatory cytokine production. Cytokine, 2015. 76(2): p. 403-408.
8. Guo, F., Y. Sha, B. Hu, and G. Li, Correlation of long non-coding RNA LncRNA-FA2H-2 with inflammatory markers in the peripheral blood of patients with coronary heart disease. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2021. 8: p. 682959.
9. Tzoulaki, I., G.D. Murray, A.J. Lee, A. Rumley, G.D. Lowe, and F.G.R. Fowkes, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and soluble adhesion molecules as predictors of progressive peripheral atherosclerosis in the general population: Edinburgh Artery Study. Circulation, 2005. 112(7): p. 976-983.
10. Hosseini, H., M. Koushki, H. Khodabandehloo, M. Fathi, G. Panahi, M. Teimouri, et al., The effect of resveratrol supplementation on C-reactive protein (CRP) in type 2 diabetic patients: Results from a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Complementary therapies in medicine, 2020. 49: p. 102251.
11. Alfaddagh, A., S.S. Martin, T.M. Leucker, E.D. Michos, M.J. Blaha, C.J. Lowenstein, et al., Inflammation and cardiovascular disease: From mechanisms to therapeutics. American journal of preventive cardiology, 2020. 4: p. 100130.
12. Khodabandehloo, H., S. Gorgani-Firuzjaee, G. Panahi, and R. Meshkani, Molecular and cellular mechanisms linking inflammation to insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. Translational Research, 2016. 167(1): p. 228-256.
13. Roya Jahangard , S.S.S.E., Akram Vatannejad, Reza Meshkani Autophagy protects peripheral blood mononuclear cells from high glucose-induced inflammation and apoptosis. Acta Biochimica Iranica, 2023. 1(1): p. 40-49.
14. Kawtharany, L., L. Bessueille, H. Issa, E. Hamade, K. Zibara, and D. Magne, Inflammation and microcalcification: A never-ending vicious cycle in atherosclerosis? Journal of Vascular Research, 2022. 59(3): p. 137-150.
15. Bastin, A., M. Teimouri, S. Faramarz, M. Shabani, A.H. Doustimotlagh, and A. Sadeghi, In vitro and Molecular Docking Analysis of Quercetin as an Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 2023. 29(11): p. 883-891.
16. Schumer, E.M., J.H. Chaney, J.R. Trivedi, P.L. Linsky, M.L. Williams, and M.S. Slaughter, Emergency coronary artery bypass grafting: indications and outcomes from 2003 through 2013. Texas Heart Institute Journal, 2016. 43(3): p. 214-219.
17. Held, C., N. Hadziosmanovic, P.E. Aylward, E. Hagström, J.S. Hochman, R.A. Stewart, et al., Body mass index and association with cardiovascular outcomes in patients with stable coronary heart disease–a stability substudy. Journal of the American Heart Association, 2022. 11(3): p. e023667.
18. Atique, S.M., B. Shadbolt, P. Marley, and A. Farshid, Association between body mass index and age of presentation with symptomatic coronary artery disease. Clinical Cardiology, 2016. 39(11): p. 653-657.
19. Solaleh Emamgholipour, Z.M., Mohammad Talebpour, Sattar Gorgani-Firuzjaee, Arash Shirvani Homeostatic Model Assessment of β-cell Function May be an Emerging Predictor of Bone Resorption in Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity. Acta Biochimica Iranica. 1(2): p. 78-82.
20. Emamgholipour, S., Z. Maghbooli, M. Talebpour, S. Gorgani-Firuzjaee, and A. Shirvani, Homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function may be an emerging predictor of bone resorption in metabolically unhealthy obesity. Acta Biochimica Iranica, 2023. 1(2): p. 78-82.
21. Vestberg, D., A. Rosengren, K. Eeg-Olofsson, M. Miftaraj, S. Franzen, A.-M. Svensson, et al., Body mass index as a risk factor for coronary events and mortality in patients with type 1 diabetes. Open heart, 2018. 5(1): p. e000727.
22. Nafakhi, H., A.A. Al-Mosawi, and M.M. Mudhafar, Pericardial fat versus BMI in the assessment of coronary atherosclerotic burden in patients with diabetes mellitus. Acta Diabetologica, 2020. 57: p. 605-611.
23. Fuchs, F.D. and P.K. Whelton, High blood pressure and cardiovascular disease. Hypertension, 2020. 75(2): p. 285-292.
24. Wu, C.-Y., H.-Y. Hu, Y.-J. Chou, N. Huang, Y.-C. Chou, and C.-P. Li, High blood pressure and all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortalities in community-dwelling older adults. Medicine, 2015. 94(47).
25. Hedayatnia, M., Z. Asadi, R. Zare-Feyzabadi, M. Yaghooti-Khorasani, H. Ghazizadeh, R. Ghaffarian-Zirak, et al., Dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease risk among the MASHAD study population. Lipids in health and disease, 2020. 19: p. 1-11.
26. Somayeh Chahkandi , R.D., Majid Mirmohammadkhani, Nasrin Amiri-Dashatan, Mehdi Koushki, The Effect of Silymarin on Liver Enzymes and Serum Lipid Profiles in Iranian Patients with Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Acta Biochimica Iranica, 2023. 1(2): p. 83-89.
27. Zamani‐Garmsiri, F., S. Emamgholipour, S. Rahmani Fard, G. Ghasempour, R. Jahangard Ahvazi, and R. Meshkani, Polyphenols: potential anti‐inflammatory agents for treatment of metabolic disorders. Phytotherapy Research, 2022. 36(1): p. 415-432.
28. Hossein Ghahremani, A.B., Kosar Bolandnazar , Solaleh Emamgholipor, Hossein Hosseini , Reza Meshkani Resveratrol as a Potential Protective Compound Against Metabolic Inflammation. Acta Biochimica Iranica, 2023. 1(2): p. 50-64.
29. Ghahremani, H., A. Bahramzadeh, K. Bolandnazar, S. Emamgholipor, H. Hosseini, and R. Meshkani, Resveratrol as a potential protective compound against metabolic inflammation. Acta Biochimica Iranica, 2023. 1(2): p. 50-64.
30. Sadeghi, A., M. Shabani, S. Alizadeh, and R. Meshkani, Interplay between oxidative stress and autophagy function and its role in inflammatory cytokine expression induced by palmitate in skeletal muscle cells. Cytokine, 2020. 125: p. 154835.
31. Ridker, P.M., N. Rifai, M. Pfeffer, F. Sacks, S. Lepage, and E. Braunwald, Elevation of tumor necrosis factor-α and increased risk of recurrent coronary events after myocardial infarction. Circulation, 2000. 101(18): p. 2149-2153.
32. Volpato, S., J.M. Guralnik, L. Ferrucci, J. Balfour, P. Chaves, L.P. Fried, et al., Cardiovascular disease, interleukin-6, and risk of mortality in older women: the women’s health and aging study. Circulation, 2001. 103(7): p. 947-953.
33. Zhuang, Q., C. Shen, Y. Chen, X. Zhao, P. Wei, J. Sun, et al., Association of high sensitive C-reactive protein with coronary heart disease: a Mendelian randomization study. BMC medical genetics, 2019. 20(1): p. 1-7.
34. Tajfard, M., S.B. Tavakoly Sany, A. Avan, L.A. Latiff, H.R. Rahimi, M. Moohebati, et al., Relationship between serum high sensitivity C‐reactive protein with angiographic severity of coronary artery disease and traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Journal of cellular physiology, 2019. 234(7): p. 10289-10299.
35. Mooney, L., C.E. Jackson, C. Adamson, A. McConnachie, P. Welsh, R.C. Myles, et al., Adverse outcomes associated with interleukin-6 in patients recently hospitalized for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Circulation: Heart Failure, 2023. 16(4): p. e010051.
36. Pai, J.K., T. Pischon, J. Ma, J.E. Manson, S.E. Hankinson, K. Joshipura, et al., Inflammatory markers and the risk of coronary heart disease in men and women. New England Journal of Medicine, 2004. 351(25): p. 2599-2610.
37. Ebong, I.A., P. Schreiner, C.E. Lewis, D. Appiah, A. Ghelani, and M. Wellons, The association between high sensitivity C-reactive protein and hypertension in women of the CARDIA study: C-reactive protein and hypertension. Menopause (New York, NY), 2016. 23(6): p. 662.
38. Kawamoto, R., Y. Tabara, K. Kohara, T. Miki, T. Kusunoki, S. Takayama, et al., Association between fasting plasma glucose and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein: gender differences in a Japanese community-dwelling population. Cardiovascular diabetology, 2011. 10: p. 1-8.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 1 No 3 (2023) | |
| Section | Original Articles | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/abi.v1i3.14548 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Coronary Artery Bypass Graft CRP hd-CRP IL-6 TNF-α | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Pourghadamyari H, Sajadi Moghadam E, Eghbali M, Borji H, Dialamy M, Sadeghi A. Inflammatory indices IL-6, TNF-α, CRP, and hs-CRP in candidates for coronary artery bypass graft surgery. ABI. 2023;1(3):126-132.
