Evaluation of Antioxidant Potential and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Methanol Extract from Scrophularia striata
Abstract
Objectives: The effectiveness of Scrophularia striata in controlling infections and promoting wound healing has been reported. This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant properties of the methanol extract from Scrophularia striata.
Methods: Scrophularia striata, a perennial wild plant found in various temperate and tropical areas of Iran, underwent a methanol extraction process to obtain its active compounds. The antioxidant property of the methanol extract of Scrophularia striata was evaluated by quantifying the total antioxidant level, determining the total phenol content, and conducting DPPH radical scavenging assays.
Results: As the extraction concentrations of Scrophularia striata increase, both the total antioxidant level and total phenol content rise dramatically. With the progression of time and increase in plant extract concentrations, the efficacy of DPPH radical scavenging also shows a corresponding enhancement. Moreover, the IC50% value of Scrophularia striata for DPPH radical scavenging consistently decreases over the observation period.
Conclusion: The data suggest that Scrophularia striata possesses antioxidant properties. The presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds in Scrophularia striata highlights its potential to alleviate various disorders by modulating oxidative stress levels.
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7. Sagha A, Shiri H, Juybari KB, Mehrabani M, Nasri HR, Nematollahi MH. The Association Between Arsenic Levels and Oxidative Stress in Myocardial Infarction: A Case–Control Study. Cardiovascular Toxicology. 2023;23(1):61-73.
8. Maxwell SR. Prospects for the use of antioxidant therapies. Drugs. 1995;49:345-61.
9. Tepe B, Sokmen M, Akpulat HA, Sokmen A. Screening of the antioxidant potentials of six Salvia species from Turkey. Food Chemistry. 2006;95(2):200-4.
10. Ranneh Y, Ali F, Akim AM, Hamid HA, Khazaai H, Fadel A. Crosstalk between reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory markers in developing various chronic diseases: a review. Applied Biological Chemistry. 2017;60(3):327-38.
11. Zarkovic N. Roles and Functions of ROS and RNS in Cellular Physiology and Pathology. MDPI; 2020. p. 767.
12. Roya Jahangard SSSE, Akram Vatannejad, Reza Meshkani Autophagy protects peripheral blood mononuclear cells from high glucose-induced inflammation and apoptosis. Acta Biochimica Iranica. 2023;1(2):40-9.
13. Ifeanyi OE. A review on free radicals and antioxidants. Int J Curr Res Med Sci. 2018;4(2):123-33.
14. Zhang P-Y, Xu X, Li X. Cardiovascular diseases: oxidative damage and antioxidant protection. European Review for Medical & Pharmacological Sciences. 2014;18(20).
15. Finley JW, Kong A-N, Hintze KJ, Jeffery EH, Ji LL, Lei XG. Antioxidants in foods: state of the science important to the food industry. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2011;59(13):6837-46.
16. Shahidi F, Ambigaipalan P. Phenolics and polyphenolics in foods, beverages and spices: Antioxidant activity and health effects–A review. Journal of functional foods. 2015;18:820-97.
17. Lersten NR, Curtis JD. Anatomy and distribution of foliar idioblasts in Scrophularia and Verbascum (Scrophulariaceae). American journal of botany. 1997;84(12):1638-45.
18. Asmat T, Khan MA, Ahmed M, Zafar M, Manzoor F, Munir M, et al. Pollen morphology of selected species of Scrophulariaceae of District Dir Upper, Pakistan. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 2011;5(28):6423-8.
19. Tank DC, Beardsley PM, Kelchner SA, Olmstead RG. Review of the systematics of Scrophulariaceae sl and their current disposition. Australian Systematic Botany. 2006;19(4):289-307.
20. Attar F, Keshvari A, Ghahreman A, Zarre S, Aghabeigi F. Micromorphological studies on Verbascum (Scrophulariaceae) in Iran with emphasis on seed surface, capsule ornamentation and trichomes. Flora-Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants. 2007;202(2):169-75.
21. Zarshenas MM, Mousavi SS, Haghighi TM. A critical overview of Scrophularia striata Boiss.: Phytochemical and pharmacological investigations. Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine. 2022;5:100182.
22. Mohammadi M, Aelaei M, Saidi M. Antibacterial properties of Scrophularia striata Boiss. (Tashenehdari) extract on vase life improvement in "Stanza" and "Pink Elegance" gerbera cut flowers. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology. 2020;28:101738.
23. Shamohamadi M, Pooyanmehr M, Maleki A, Haghnazari L. Biochemical Modulatory and Protective Effects of the Hydroalcoholic Extract of Scrophularia striata on the Hepatotoxicity of Silver Nanoparticles in the Rat Model. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 2021;15(3).
24. Bastin A, Fooladi S, Doustimotlagh AH, Vakili S, Aminizadeh AH, Faramarz S, et al. A comparative study on the effect of blood collection tubes on stress oxidative markers. Plos one. 2022;17(4):e0266567.
25. Sultana B, Anwar F, Ashraf M. Effect of extraction solvent/technique on the antioxidant activity of selected medicinal plant extracts. Molecules. 2009;14(6):2167-80.
26. Singh M, Patra S, Singh RK. 15 - Common techniques and methods for screening of natural products for developing of anticancer drugs. In: Srivastava AK, Kannaujiya VK, Singh RK, Singh D, editors. Evolutionary Diversity as a Source for Anticancer Molecules: Academic Press; 2021. p. 323-53.
27. Ozougwu JC. The role of reactive oxygen species and antioxidants in oxidative stress. International Journal of Research. 2016;1(8).
28. Sattar Gorgani-Firuzjaee RM. Resveratrol reduces high glucose-induced de-novo lipogenesis through mTOR mediated induction of autophagy in HepG2 cells. Acta Biochimica Iranica. 2023;1(1):32-9.
29. Trout KK, Homko C, Tkacs NC. Methods of measuring insulin sensitivity. Biological research for nursing. 2007;8(4):305-18.
30. Bonora E, Formentini G, Calcaterra F, Lombardi S, Marini F, Zenari L, et al. HOMA-estimated insulin resistance is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetic subjects: prospective data from the Verona Diabetes Complications Study. Diabetes care. 2002;25(7):1135-41.
31. Aranda-Rivera AK, Cruz-Gregorio A, Arancibia-Hernández YL, Hernández-Cruz EY, Pedraza-Chaverri J. RONS and oxidative stress: An overview of basic concepts. Oxygen. 2022;2(4):437-78.
32. Poynton RA, Hampton MB. Peroxiredoxins as biomarkers of oxidative stress. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-General Subjects. 2014;1840(2):906-12.
33. Ranjbar A, Ghahremani MH, Sharifzadeh M, Golestani A, Ghazi-Khansari M, Baeeri M, et al. Protection by pentoxifylline of malathion-induced toxic stress and mitochondrial damage in rat brain. Human & experimental toxicology. 2010;29(10):851-64.
34. Thomson A, Hemphill D, Jeejeebhoy K. Oxidative stress and antioxidants in intestinal disease. Digestive Diseases. 1998;16(3):152-8.
35. Ozbek E. Induction of oxidative stress in kidney. International journal of nephrology. 2012;2012.
36. Kayama Y, Raaz U, Jagger A, Adam M, Schellinger IN, Sakamoto M, et al. Diabetic cardiovascular disease induced by oxidative stress. International journal of molecular sciences. 2015;16(10):25234-63.
37. Nima Taghizadeh SM, Vahid Saeedi, Ladan Haghighi, Mona Nourbakhsh, Mitra Nourbakhsh, Maryam Razzaghy Azar. Association between Steroid Hormones and Insulin Resistance in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Acta Biochimica Iranica. 2023(1):1.
38. Abdollahi F, Amiri H, Niknam V, Ghanati F, Mahdigholi K. Study of some physiological characteristics of two almond species (Amygdalus. scoparia and Amygdalus. eburnea) in response to static magnetic field. Journal of Plant Process and Function. 2019;7(28).
39. Fazeli-Nasab B, Shahraki-Mojahed L, Jahantigh M, Dahmardeh N. Scrophularia striata: Therapeutic and Healing Properties with an Emphasis on Oxidative Stress and Gastric Ulcer Treatment. Gene Cell Tissue. 2022;9(4):e120772.
40. Tamri P. A mini-review on phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Scrophularia striata. J Herbmed Pharmacol. 2019;8(2):85-9.
41. Pietta P, Simonetti P, Mauri P. Antioxidant Activity of Selected Medicinal Plants. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 1998;46(11):4487-90.
42. Azadmehr A, Oghyanous KA, Hajiaghaee R, Amirghofran Z, Azadbakht M. Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Effects of Scrophularia striata Extract Against Oxidative Stress-Induced Neurotoxicity. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology. 2013;33(8):1135-41.
43. Kamalipourazad M, Sharifi M, Maivan HZ, Behmanesh M, Chashmi NA. Induction of aromatic amino acids and phenylpropanoid compounds in Scrophularia striata Boiss. cell culture in response to chitosan-induced oxidative stress. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 2016;107:374-84.
44. Khodamoradi S, Sagharyan M, Samari E, Sharifi M. Changes in phenolic compounds production as a defensive mechanism against hydrogen sulfide pollution in Scrophularia striata. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 2022;177:23-31.
2. Wachtel-Galor S, Benzie IF. Herbal medicine. Lester Packer, Ph D. 2011:1.
3. Zhang X. Traditional medicine and WHO. World Health. 1996;49(2):4-5.
4. Bodeker G. WHO global atlas of traditional, complementary, and alternative medicine: World Health Organization; 2005.
5. Fabricant DS, Farnsworth NR. The value of plants used in traditional medicine for drug discovery. Environmental health perspectives. 2001;109(suppl 1):69-75.
6. Juan CA, Pérez de la Lastra JM, Plou FJ, Pérez-Lebeña E. The chemistry of reactive oxygen species (ROS) revisited: outlining their role in biological macromolecules (DNA, lipids and proteins) and induced pathologies. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021;22(9):4642.
7. Sagha A, Shiri H, Juybari KB, Mehrabani M, Nasri HR, Nematollahi MH. The Association Between Arsenic Levels and Oxidative Stress in Myocardial Infarction: A Case–Control Study. Cardiovascular Toxicology. 2023;23(1):61-73.
8. Maxwell SR. Prospects for the use of antioxidant therapies. Drugs. 1995;49:345-61.
9. Tepe B, Sokmen M, Akpulat HA, Sokmen A. Screening of the antioxidant potentials of six Salvia species from Turkey. Food Chemistry. 2006;95(2):200-4.
10. Ranneh Y, Ali F, Akim AM, Hamid HA, Khazaai H, Fadel A. Crosstalk between reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory markers in developing various chronic diseases: a review. Applied Biological Chemistry. 2017;60(3):327-38.
11. Zarkovic N. Roles and Functions of ROS and RNS in Cellular Physiology and Pathology. MDPI; 2020. p. 767.
12. Roya Jahangard SSSE, Akram Vatannejad, Reza Meshkani Autophagy protects peripheral blood mononuclear cells from high glucose-induced inflammation and apoptosis. Acta Biochimica Iranica. 2023;1(2):40-9.
13. Ifeanyi OE. A review on free radicals and antioxidants. Int J Curr Res Med Sci. 2018;4(2):123-33.
14. Zhang P-Y, Xu X, Li X. Cardiovascular diseases: oxidative damage and antioxidant protection. European Review for Medical & Pharmacological Sciences. 2014;18(20).
15. Finley JW, Kong A-N, Hintze KJ, Jeffery EH, Ji LL, Lei XG. Antioxidants in foods: state of the science important to the food industry. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2011;59(13):6837-46.
16. Shahidi F, Ambigaipalan P. Phenolics and polyphenolics in foods, beverages and spices: Antioxidant activity and health effects–A review. Journal of functional foods. 2015;18:820-97.
17. Lersten NR, Curtis JD. Anatomy and distribution of foliar idioblasts in Scrophularia and Verbascum (Scrophulariaceae). American journal of botany. 1997;84(12):1638-45.
18. Asmat T, Khan MA, Ahmed M, Zafar M, Manzoor F, Munir M, et al. Pollen morphology of selected species of Scrophulariaceae of District Dir Upper, Pakistan. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 2011;5(28):6423-8.
19. Tank DC, Beardsley PM, Kelchner SA, Olmstead RG. Review of the systematics of Scrophulariaceae sl and their current disposition. Australian Systematic Botany. 2006;19(4):289-307.
20. Attar F, Keshvari A, Ghahreman A, Zarre S, Aghabeigi F. Micromorphological studies on Verbascum (Scrophulariaceae) in Iran with emphasis on seed surface, capsule ornamentation and trichomes. Flora-Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants. 2007;202(2):169-75.
21. Zarshenas MM, Mousavi SS, Haghighi TM. A critical overview of Scrophularia striata Boiss.: Phytochemical and pharmacological investigations. Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine. 2022;5:100182.
22. Mohammadi M, Aelaei M, Saidi M. Antibacterial properties of Scrophularia striata Boiss. (Tashenehdari) extract on vase life improvement in "Stanza" and "Pink Elegance" gerbera cut flowers. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology. 2020;28:101738.
23. Shamohamadi M, Pooyanmehr M, Maleki A, Haghnazari L. Biochemical Modulatory and Protective Effects of the Hydroalcoholic Extract of Scrophularia striata on the Hepatotoxicity of Silver Nanoparticles in the Rat Model. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 2021;15(3).
24. Bastin A, Fooladi S, Doustimotlagh AH, Vakili S, Aminizadeh AH, Faramarz S, et al. A comparative study on the effect of blood collection tubes on stress oxidative markers. Plos one. 2022;17(4):e0266567.
25. Sultana B, Anwar F, Ashraf M. Effect of extraction solvent/technique on the antioxidant activity of selected medicinal plant extracts. Molecules. 2009;14(6):2167-80.
26. Singh M, Patra S, Singh RK. 15 - Common techniques and methods for screening of natural products for developing of anticancer drugs. In: Srivastava AK, Kannaujiya VK, Singh RK, Singh D, editors. Evolutionary Diversity as a Source for Anticancer Molecules: Academic Press; 2021. p. 323-53.
27. Ozougwu JC. The role of reactive oxygen species and antioxidants in oxidative stress. International Journal of Research. 2016;1(8).
28. Sattar Gorgani-Firuzjaee RM. Resveratrol reduces high glucose-induced de-novo lipogenesis through mTOR mediated induction of autophagy in HepG2 cells. Acta Biochimica Iranica. 2023;1(1):32-9.
29. Trout KK, Homko C, Tkacs NC. Methods of measuring insulin sensitivity. Biological research for nursing. 2007;8(4):305-18.
30. Bonora E, Formentini G, Calcaterra F, Lombardi S, Marini F, Zenari L, et al. HOMA-estimated insulin resistance is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetic subjects: prospective data from the Verona Diabetes Complications Study. Diabetes care. 2002;25(7):1135-41.
31. Aranda-Rivera AK, Cruz-Gregorio A, Arancibia-Hernández YL, Hernández-Cruz EY, Pedraza-Chaverri J. RONS and oxidative stress: An overview of basic concepts. Oxygen. 2022;2(4):437-78.
32. Poynton RA, Hampton MB. Peroxiredoxins as biomarkers of oxidative stress. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-General Subjects. 2014;1840(2):906-12.
33. Ranjbar A, Ghahremani MH, Sharifzadeh M, Golestani A, Ghazi-Khansari M, Baeeri M, et al. Protection by pentoxifylline of malathion-induced toxic stress and mitochondrial damage in rat brain. Human & experimental toxicology. 2010;29(10):851-64.
34. Thomson A, Hemphill D, Jeejeebhoy K. Oxidative stress and antioxidants in intestinal disease. Digestive Diseases. 1998;16(3):152-8.
35. Ozbek E. Induction of oxidative stress in kidney. International journal of nephrology. 2012;2012.
36. Kayama Y, Raaz U, Jagger A, Adam M, Schellinger IN, Sakamoto M, et al. Diabetic cardiovascular disease induced by oxidative stress. International journal of molecular sciences. 2015;16(10):25234-63.
37. Nima Taghizadeh SM, Vahid Saeedi, Ladan Haghighi, Mona Nourbakhsh, Mitra Nourbakhsh, Maryam Razzaghy Azar. Association between Steroid Hormones and Insulin Resistance in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Acta Biochimica Iranica. 2023(1):1.
38. Abdollahi F, Amiri H, Niknam V, Ghanati F, Mahdigholi K. Study of some physiological characteristics of two almond species (Amygdalus. scoparia and Amygdalus. eburnea) in response to static magnetic field. Journal of Plant Process and Function. 2019;7(28).
39. Fazeli-Nasab B, Shahraki-Mojahed L, Jahantigh M, Dahmardeh N. Scrophularia striata: Therapeutic and Healing Properties with an Emphasis on Oxidative Stress and Gastric Ulcer Treatment. Gene Cell Tissue. 2022;9(4):e120772.
40. Tamri P. A mini-review on phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Scrophularia striata. J Herbmed Pharmacol. 2019;8(2):85-9.
41. Pietta P, Simonetti P, Mauri P. Antioxidant Activity of Selected Medicinal Plants. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 1998;46(11):4487-90.
42. Azadmehr A, Oghyanous KA, Hajiaghaee R, Amirghofran Z, Azadbakht M. Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Effects of Scrophularia striata Extract Against Oxidative Stress-Induced Neurotoxicity. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology. 2013;33(8):1135-41.
43. Kamalipourazad M, Sharifi M, Maivan HZ, Behmanesh M, Chashmi NA. Induction of aromatic amino acids and phenylpropanoid compounds in Scrophularia striata Boiss. cell culture in response to chitosan-induced oxidative stress. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 2016;107:374-84.
44. Khodamoradi S, Sagharyan M, Samari E, Sharifi M. Changes in phenolic compounds production as a defensive mechanism against hydrogen sulfide pollution in Scrophularia striata. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 2022;177:23-31.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 1 No 2 (2023) | |
| Section | Original Articles | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/abi.v1i2.14103 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Scrophularia Striata Antioxidant Oxidative Stress Total Phenol | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Shiri H, Karimpour A, Sattari M, Hemmati S, Seyyedebrahimi S, Panahi G. Evaluation of Antioxidant Potential and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Methanol Extract from Scrophularia striata. ABI. 2023;1(2):71-77.
