Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oil of Leaves of Etlingera velutina
,
Abstract
Objective: The antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oils are important because they offer a natural and effective agent. This study aims to investigate the chemical composition, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of leaves of Etlingera velutina.
Methods: The essential oils from the leaves of Etlingera velutina were obtained using a Clevenger-type apparatus and the chemical compositions of the oils were identified by GC-FID and GC-MS methods. The antioxidant activity of the oil was analyzed using three common assays. The antimicrobial activity of the oil was evaluated by disc diffusion assay.
Results: The oil consists of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons with the highest percentage (63.12 %). Aromadendrene (58.30%), α-pinene (10.82%), and caryophyllenyl alcohol (10.21%) were identified as the main components of the essential oil. The leaf oil exhibited antioxidant activity in all the tests: DPPH radical scavenging activity (RSA); β-carotene bleaching (BCB); and ferrous ion chelating ability (FIC). The oil presented the activity against B. subtilis, E. aerogenes, P. vulgaris, and Candida. Parapsilosis. E. aerogenes.
Conclusion: The data suggest that the essential oil of the leaves of Etlingera velutina revealed moderate activity against selected microorganisms in antimicrobial and antioxidant assay. It may be considered as a natural agent for bioactivty.
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5. Oliva A, Costantini S, De Angelis M, Garzoli S, Bozovic M, Mascellino MT, et al. High Potency of Melaleuca alternifolia Essential Oil against Multi-Drug Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Molecules. 2018;23(10):2584. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23102584
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9. Sirirugsa P. Thai Zingiberaceae : Species Diversity And Their Uses. Pure Appl Chem. 1998;70(11):2111-9.
10. Poulsen AD. Etlingera of Borneo. 1st ed: Natural History Publications (Borneo) in association with Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh; 2006. 263 p.
11. Mahdavi B, Yaacob W, Din LB, Aisha MS. Essential Oil Composition of Three Air-Dried Parts of Etlingera brevilabrum. J Essent Oil-Bear Plants. 2013;16(1):17-22. https://doi.org/0972060x.2012.10644085
12. Mahdavi B, Yaacob W, Din LB, Lee YH, Nazlina I. Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activities of Essential Oils from Etlingera brevilabrum Valeton. Rec Nat Prod. 2016;10(1):22-31.
13. Mahdavi B, Yaacob WA, Laily BD, Jahangirian H. Antioxidant activity of consecutive extracts of the base, stem and leaves of Etlingera brevilabrum. Asian J Chem. 2013;25(7):3937-41. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2013.13851
14. Mahdavi B, Yaacob WA, Laily BD, Nazlina I. Antimicrobial activity of consecutive extracts of Etlingera brevilabrum. Sains Malays. 2012;41(10):1233-7. https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2017-4609-27
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16. Mahdavi B. Chemical compositions of essential oils from Etlingera brevilabrum: A comparative analysis using GC×GC/TOFMS. Trends Phytochem Res. 2017;1(1):15-22.
17. Tadtong S, Wannakhot P, Poolsawat W, Athikomkulchai S, Ruangrungsi N. Antimicrobial activities of essential oil from Etlingera puniceae rhizome. J Health Res. 2009;23(2):77-9.
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20. Yahya MAA, Yaacob WA, Din LB, Nazlina I. Analysis of essential oils of Etlingera sphaerocephala var. grandiflora by two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Malays J Anal Sci. 2010;14(1):32-40.
21. Bhuiyan MNI, Chowdhury JU, Begum J, Azim MA. Aromatic plants of Bangladesh: constituents of leaf and rhizome oil of Etlingera linguiforme Dhaka Univ J Sci. 2010;58(1):13-5.
22. Wong KC, Sivasothy Y, Boey PL, Osman H. Essential Oils of Etlingera elatior (Jack) R. M. Smith and Etlingera littoralis (Koenig) Giseke. J Essent Oil Res. 2010;22:461-6. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700372
23. Faridahanim MJ, Che PO, Nor Hadiani I, Khalijah A. Analysis of essential oils of leaves, stems, flowers and rhizomes of Etlingera elatior (Jack) R. M. Smith. Malays J Anal Sci. 2007;11(1):269-73.
24. Abdelwahab SI, Zaman FQ, Mariod AA, Yaacob M, Abdelmageed AH, Khamis S. Chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the essential oils of Etlingera elatior and Cinnamomum pubescens Kochummen. J Sci Food Agric. 2010;90(15):2682-8. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.4140
25. Khaleghi F, Yaacob W, Din LB, Khalilzadeh MA. Volatile oil compositions of several parts of Etlingera fulgens from Malaysia. J Essent Oil-Bear Plants. 2012;15(2):180-5. https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060x.2012.10644034
26. Khaleghi F, Yaacob W, Din LB, Khalilzadeh MA. Chemical Compositions of Several Parts of Etlingera venusta from Malaysia. J Essent Oil-Bear Plants. 2012;15(5):686-93. https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060x.2012.10644107
27. Chau DT, Dai DN, Hoi TM, Thai TH, Thang TD, Ogunwande IA. Essential oil constituents of Etlingera yunnanensis and Hornstedtia sanhan grown in Vietnam. Nat Prod Commun. 2015;10(2):365-6. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1501000240
28. Guo SS, You CX, Liang JY, Zhang WJ, Geng ZF, Wang CF, et al. Chemical Composition and Bioactivities of the Essential Oil from Etlingera yunnanensis against Two Stored Product Insects. Molecules. 2015;20(9):15735-47. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules200915735
29. Tachai S, Wangkarn S, Nuntawong N. Chemical constituents of the rhizome oils of Etlingera pavieana (Pierre ex Gagnep.) RM Sm. Biochem Syst Ecol. 2014;57:410-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2014.09.018
30. Ud-Daula AS, Demirci F, Salim KA, Demirci B, Lim LB, Baser KHC, et al. Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oils from leaves, aerial stems, basal stems, and rhizomes of Etlingera fimbriobracteata (K. Schum.) RM Sm. Ind Crops Prod. 2016;84:189-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.12.034
31. Xie Q, Liu Z. Chemometrics of the composition and antioxidant capacity of essential oils obtained from six Cupressaceae taxa. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):18612. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-69600-3
32. Shiri H, Karimpour A, Sattari M, Hemmati S, Seyyedebrahimi S, Panahi G. Evaluation of antioxidant potential and free radical scavenging activity of methanol extract from Scrophularia striata. Acta Biochim Iran. 2023. https://doi.org/10.18502/abi.v1i2.14103
33. da Silva BD, Bernardes PC, Pinheiro PF, Fantuzzi E, Roberto CD. Chemical composition, extraction sources and action mechanisms of essential oils: Natural preservative and limitations of use in meat products. Meat Sci. 2021;176:108463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2021.108463
34. Xiang F, Bai J, Tan X, Chen T, Yang W, He F. Antimicrobial activities and mechanism of the essential oil from Artemisia argyi Levl. et Van. var. argyi cv. Qiai. Ind Crops Prod. 2018;125:582-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.09.048
35. Lopez-Romero JC, Gonzalez-Rios H, Borges A, Simoes M. Antibacterial Effects and Mode of Action of Selected Essential Oils Components against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;2015(1):795435. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/795435
36. Brochot A, Guilbot A, Haddioui L, Roques C. Antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral effects of three essential oil blends. Microbiologyopen. 2017;6(4):e00459. https://doi.org/10.1002/mbo3.459
37. Adams RP. Identification of Essential Oils Components by Gas Chromatography /Quaderupole Mass Spectroscopy. Illinois: Allured; 2007.
2. Toplan GG, Taskin T, Iscan G, Goger F, Kurkcuoglu M, Civas A, et al. Comparative Studies on Essential Oil and Phenolic Content with In Vitro Antioxidant, Anticholinesterase, Antimicrobial Activities of Achillea biebersteinii Afan. and A. millefolium subsp. millefolium Afan. L. Growing in Eastern Turkey. Molecules. 2022;27(6):1956. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27061956
3. Bibow A, Oleszek W. Essential oils as potential natural antioxidants, antimicrobial, and antifungal agents in active food packaging. Antibiotics. 2024;13(12):1168. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13121168
4. Yang SK, Tan NP, Chong CW, Abushelaibi A, Lim SH, Lai KS. The Missing Piece: Recent Approaches Investigating the Antimicrobial Mode of Action of Essential Oils. Evol Bioinform Online. 2021;17:1176934320938391. https://doi.org/10.1177/1176934320938391
5. Oliva A, Costantini S, De Angelis M, Garzoli S, Bozovic M, Mascellino MT, et al. High Potency of Melaleuca alternifolia Essential Oil against Multi-Drug Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Molecules. 2018;23(10):2584. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23102584
6. Noui Mehidi I, Ait Ouazzou A, Tachoua W, Hosni K. Investigating the Antimicrobial Properties of Essential Oil Constituents and Their Mode of Action. Molecules. 2024;29(17):4119. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29174119
7. Abers M, Schroeder S, Goelz L, Sulser A, St Rose T, Puchalski K, et al. Antimicrobial activity of the volatile substances from essential oils. BMC Complement Med Ther. 2021;21(1):124. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-021-03285-3
8. Chouhan S, Sharma K, Guleria S. Antimicrobial activity of some essential oils—present status and future perspectives. Medicines. 2017;4(3):58. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines4030058
9. Sirirugsa P. Thai Zingiberaceae : Species Diversity And Their Uses. Pure Appl Chem. 1998;70(11):2111-9.
10. Poulsen AD. Etlingera of Borneo. 1st ed: Natural History Publications (Borneo) in association with Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh; 2006. 263 p.
11. Mahdavi B, Yaacob W, Din LB, Aisha MS. Essential Oil Composition of Three Air-Dried Parts of Etlingera brevilabrum. J Essent Oil-Bear Plants. 2013;16(1):17-22. https://doi.org/0972060x.2012.10644085
12. Mahdavi B, Yaacob W, Din LB, Lee YH, Nazlina I. Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activities of Essential Oils from Etlingera brevilabrum Valeton. Rec Nat Prod. 2016;10(1):22-31.
13. Mahdavi B, Yaacob WA, Laily BD, Jahangirian H. Antioxidant activity of consecutive extracts of the base, stem and leaves of Etlingera brevilabrum. Asian J Chem. 2013;25(7):3937-41. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2013.13851
14. Mahdavi B, Yaacob WA, Laily BD, Nazlina I. Antimicrobial activity of consecutive extracts of Etlingera brevilabrum. Sains Malays. 2012;41(10):1233-7. https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2017-4609-27
15. Mahdavi B, Yaacob WA, Din LB. Chemical composition, antioxidant, and antibacterial activity of essential oils from Etlingera sayapensis A.D. Poulsen & Ibrahim. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2017;10(8):819-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.08.006
16. Mahdavi B. Chemical compositions of essential oils from Etlingera brevilabrum: A comparative analysis using GC×GC/TOFMS. Trends Phytochem Res. 2017;1(1):15-22.
17. Tadtong S, Wannakhot P, Poolsawat W, Athikomkulchai S, Ruangrungsi N. Antimicrobial activities of essential oil from Etlingera puniceae rhizome. J Health Res. 2009;23(2):77-9.
18. Vahirua-Lechat I, Francois P, Menut C, Lamaty G, Bessiere JM. Aromatic plants of French Polynesia. I. Constituents of three Zingiberaceae: Zingiber zerumbet Smith, Hedychium coronarium Koeing and Etlingera cevuga Smith. J Essent Oil Res. 1993;5:55-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1993.9698170
19. Vahirua–Lechat I, Mitermite Y, Menut C. Aromatic Plants of French Polynesia. IV. Composition and Chemical Variations of the Essential Oils of Leaves of Etlingera cevuga (Seeman) R.E. Smith. J Essent Oil Res. 2010;22:407-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700357
20. Yahya MAA, Yaacob WA, Din LB, Nazlina I. Analysis of essential oils of Etlingera sphaerocephala var. grandiflora by two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Malays J Anal Sci. 2010;14(1):32-40.
21. Bhuiyan MNI, Chowdhury JU, Begum J, Azim MA. Aromatic plants of Bangladesh: constituents of leaf and rhizome oil of Etlingera linguiforme Dhaka Univ J Sci. 2010;58(1):13-5.
22. Wong KC, Sivasothy Y, Boey PL, Osman H. Essential Oils of Etlingera elatior (Jack) R. M. Smith and Etlingera littoralis (Koenig) Giseke. J Essent Oil Res. 2010;22:461-6. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700372
23. Faridahanim MJ, Che PO, Nor Hadiani I, Khalijah A. Analysis of essential oils of leaves, stems, flowers and rhizomes of Etlingera elatior (Jack) R. M. Smith. Malays J Anal Sci. 2007;11(1):269-73.
24. Abdelwahab SI, Zaman FQ, Mariod AA, Yaacob M, Abdelmageed AH, Khamis S. Chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the essential oils of Etlingera elatior and Cinnamomum pubescens Kochummen. J Sci Food Agric. 2010;90(15):2682-8. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.4140
25. Khaleghi F, Yaacob W, Din LB, Khalilzadeh MA. Volatile oil compositions of several parts of Etlingera fulgens from Malaysia. J Essent Oil-Bear Plants. 2012;15(2):180-5. https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060x.2012.10644034
26. Khaleghi F, Yaacob W, Din LB, Khalilzadeh MA. Chemical Compositions of Several Parts of Etlingera venusta from Malaysia. J Essent Oil-Bear Plants. 2012;15(5):686-93. https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060x.2012.10644107
27. Chau DT, Dai DN, Hoi TM, Thai TH, Thang TD, Ogunwande IA. Essential oil constituents of Etlingera yunnanensis and Hornstedtia sanhan grown in Vietnam. Nat Prod Commun. 2015;10(2):365-6. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1501000240
28. Guo SS, You CX, Liang JY, Zhang WJ, Geng ZF, Wang CF, et al. Chemical Composition and Bioactivities of the Essential Oil from Etlingera yunnanensis against Two Stored Product Insects. Molecules. 2015;20(9):15735-47. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules200915735
29. Tachai S, Wangkarn S, Nuntawong N. Chemical constituents of the rhizome oils of Etlingera pavieana (Pierre ex Gagnep.) RM Sm. Biochem Syst Ecol. 2014;57:410-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2014.09.018
30. Ud-Daula AS, Demirci F, Salim KA, Demirci B, Lim LB, Baser KHC, et al. Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oils from leaves, aerial stems, basal stems, and rhizomes of Etlingera fimbriobracteata (K. Schum.) RM Sm. Ind Crops Prod. 2016;84:189-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.12.034
31. Xie Q, Liu Z. Chemometrics of the composition and antioxidant capacity of essential oils obtained from six Cupressaceae taxa. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):18612. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-69600-3
32. Shiri H, Karimpour A, Sattari M, Hemmati S, Seyyedebrahimi S, Panahi G. Evaluation of antioxidant potential and free radical scavenging activity of methanol extract from Scrophularia striata. Acta Biochim Iran. 2023. https://doi.org/10.18502/abi.v1i2.14103
33. da Silva BD, Bernardes PC, Pinheiro PF, Fantuzzi E, Roberto CD. Chemical composition, extraction sources and action mechanisms of essential oils: Natural preservative and limitations of use in meat products. Meat Sci. 2021;176:108463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2021.108463
34. Xiang F, Bai J, Tan X, Chen T, Yang W, He F. Antimicrobial activities and mechanism of the essential oil from Artemisia argyi Levl. et Van. var. argyi cv. Qiai. Ind Crops Prod. 2018;125:582-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.09.048
35. Lopez-Romero JC, Gonzalez-Rios H, Borges A, Simoes M. Antibacterial Effects and Mode of Action of Selected Essential Oils Components against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;2015(1):795435. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/795435
36. Brochot A, Guilbot A, Haddioui L, Roques C. Antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral effects of three essential oil blends. Microbiologyopen. 2017;6(4):e00459. https://doi.org/10.1002/mbo3.459
37. Adams RP. Identification of Essential Oils Components by Gas Chromatography /Quaderupole Mass Spectroscopy. Illinois: Allured; 2007.
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| Issue | Vol 3 No 1 (2025) | |
| Section | Original Articles | |
| Keywords | ||
| Etlingera velutina Antioxidant Activity Antimicrobial Activity Essential oil | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Mahdavi B, Yaacob WA. Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oil of Leaves of Etlingera velutina. ABI. 2025;3(1):23-29.
