Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Biochimica Iranica 0001-5261 4 1 2026 03 18 33 39 Anwar Borai King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia 2026 06 11 Understanding the historical evolution and institutional framework of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (CLS) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is essential for recognizing its growing significance within the healthcare system. This article explores the origins, expansion, and academic development of CLS programs across Saudi universities, highlighting how these programs have evolved to meet national and international standards. It also discusses the formation and roles of specialized scientific societies and professional associations, which contribute to the advancement, recognition, and standardization of the profession. In addition to this it will discuss the current landscape of Clinical Laboratories in Saudi Arabia. The integration of CLS into national healthcare goals, such as Vision 2030, underscores the strategic importance of laboratory professionals in public health. By tracing the timeline of education, practice, and professional organization, this review provides a foundational understanding of the CLS field's identity and progress in Saudi Arabia. https://abi.tums.ac.ir/index.php/abi/article/view/200 https://abi.tums.ac.ir/index.php/abi/article/download/200/136