Tehran University of Medical Sciences Acta Biochimica Iranica 0001-5261 3 4 2025 12 25 235 241 Atosa Gorji Department of Exercise Physiology and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Yazd Branch, Yazd, Iran Javad Ramezani Department of Sports Sciences, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran Farid Mahinizadeh Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Pooya Javaherchian Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Matin Mohyadini Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 2025 10 06 2026 02 05 Objectives: Dyslipidemia and oxidative stress have been reported to play important roles in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complications. This study aimed to test the hypothesis whether curcumin supplementation combined with aerobic exercise could prevent dyslipidemia and oxidative stress in a rat model of T2DM. Methods: Male Wistar rats with nicotinamide-streptozotocin-induced T2DM were divided into four groups including untreated diabetes, diabetes treated with curcumin (30 mg/kg, three times weekly), diabetes treated with aerobic exercise (4-week progressive treadmill training), and a combination group. Also, healthy control groups (untreated, curcumin-treated, and curcumin + aerobic-treated) were studied to determine the side effects of the treatments. Fasting blood sugar (FBS), lipid profiles (triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL) and antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase, SOD, GPx) were measured by commercial kits after 4 weeks of treatment protocol. Results: Diabetic rats had significantly elevated serum levels of FBS, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, and reduced antioxidant activities compared to controls. Curcumin and aerobic exercise alone improved these parameters significantly, but their combination was more effective in reducing FBS, improving lipid profiles, and boosting antioxidant activities. Conclusion: The combination of curcumin and aerobic exercise has more potential to ameliorate dyslipidemia and oxidative stress in T2DM rats, compared to treatments individually. These findings require further exploration in clinical settings. https://abi.tums.ac.ir/index.php/abi/article/view/164 https://abi.tums.ac.ir/index.php/abi/article/download/164/125